Quantitative Methods and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quantitative Methods and Analysis - Essay Example 190). where, Z is the value of the normal distribution table at given confidence level ? is the standard deviation and E is the desired precision For AIU, Confidence level is 95%. Z (Confidence level=95%) = 1.96 ? = $700 E = $55 Thus, it implies that the institute needs to sample 623 individuals to meet the original requirements of the sample. The sample size that is determined has a significant impact on the budget of the research. An increase in the sample size will mean that the institute will have to spend more amount for carrying out the research. If the budget of AIU is not enough to cover the entire sample of 623, the institute can reduce the sample size or lower down its conditions in confidence level or desired precision. If we see the normal distribution table, we see that the z value deceases with decease in confidence level (Levin & Rubin, 2007). In order to reduce the sample size, one option that AIU is having is to reduce its confidence level. Confidence level is a repr esentation of the surety of the data received. Confidence level can be defined as the likelihood of the true population parameter lying within the range specified by the confidence interval (Stattrek, 2011). Decreasing the confidence level will lead to decrease of the z value, which will reduce the sample size. ... crease the distance from the mean that is permissible for the mean dollars spent by each card holder to $70 at the same confidence level, the sample size becomes: We can see that a slight increase (from 55 to 70) in the marginal error that is acceptable to the researchers lead to a decrease in the required size drastically (from 623 to 385). References Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research Methods in Education, 6th ill. ed. NY: Routledge. Levin, R.I., & Rubin, D.S. (2007). Statistics for Management, 7th ed. New Delhi: Dorling Kinderseley (India) Pvt. Ltd. Stattrek. (2011). Confidence Level. [Online]. Available at: http://stattrek.com/Help/Glossary.aspx?Target=Confidence%20level [Last accessed on 20th June 2011]. Wrenn, B., Stevens, R.E., & Loundon, D.L. (2006). Marketing research: text and cases, 2nd ill. ed. New York: The Haworth Press. Part 2 Surveys are very useful tool to collect information about a population. In a research using surveys a questionnaire is admin istered on a carefully identified sample of respondents (McQuarrie, 2006). Survey questionnaires are typically aimed at identifying particular respondent’s characteristics, attitudes or perception. Surveys find extensive application in areas such as market research, psychological studies, sociology and human resources. One example of a survey can be a survey in the area of market research, where respondents are asked to respond to their opinion about a particular product or service. Such surveys can be administered through questionnaires written on paper. Another type of survey can be the one used by the HR department of organizations to assess the employee satisfaction levels. These surveys can be administered as web-based surveys. Telephonic surveys can be administered to analyze the

Proposal Cover Letter Essay Example for Free

Proposal Cover Letter Essay Enclosed please find the protocol and consent form for the study, â€Å"Name of Study.† I have also enclosed a copy of the State University Institutional Review Board’s approval, dated January 12, 2002, and the Tribal Council’s approval, dated December 15, 2001. We propose to conduct a population-based study of all tribal members age 60 and greater on the Tribe Reservation. Individuals participating in the project will receive both a comprehensive medical evaluation at the Tribal Health and Wellness Center and a safety and functional evaluation in their home performed by a tribal member. While providing researchers at State University data regarding the prevalence of dementia and other chronic disabilities, the study also offers valuable information to both individual tribal members and the Tribal community. We have met with both staff and tribal members on the reservation on several occasions to discuss this project. We have received official approval of the project from both the Tribal Council and the Health and Welfare Committee. We have scheduled a trip to the reservation on June 3, 2002, to begin this project. We would appreciate your informed review and approval of the enclosed material. If you have any questions or concerns, please contact me at (503) 555-5555, extension 555. I will serve as the contact person for this project. We look forward to your comments and approval. Sincerely, Jane Doe, MD, Principal Investigator John Doe, RN, MN, Co-Principal Investigator ***Sample IHS Service Unit Letter of Support*** December 15, 2001 Jane Doe, MD State University PO Box 12 Anycity, Northwest State, 99999 Dear Dr. Doe: This letter is to inform you that the Service Unit has reviewed and supports your research study titled, â€Å"Name of Study.† It is our understanding the project will begin on June 3, 2002. We are very interested in your efforts that may help improve our understanding of health in our elderly population. If you have any questions or need further assistance, please contact me at (503) 555-5555. Sincerely, Jane or John Doe, Service Unit Director Name of Service Unit Anycity, Northwest State ***Sample Tribal Resolution*** WHEREAS, the Tribe is a federally recognized National pursuant to the Treaty of 1855 (12 Stat. 951); and WHEREAS, the Tribal Council is the governing body of the Tribe, by authority delegated by Resolution ABCD-1234; and WHEREAS, the Health, Employment, and Welfare Committee of the Tribal Council has been delegated the responsibility for providing the leadership, guidance, and oversight to all of the health, employment, and welfare programs and services; and WHEREAS, nationwide statistical data has indicated that an increase in the number of elderly Native Americans has been observed in recent decades; and WHEREAS, a National Indian Council on Aging study has shown that the life expectancy for Native Americans has increased by 19% since 1955; and WHEREAS, the prevalence, causes, and risk factors for chronic disabilities including dementia in Native Americans are as yet completely unknown; and WHEREAS, a study has been designed to determine the general health status and prevalence of major disabling conditions in elderly Native Americans, the functional status of elderly Native Americans, and the effectiveness of interventions that are currently used to maintain function; and WHEREAS, the study was designed with input from tribal council members and health staff; and WHEREAS, in implementing the study, the researchers will follow the protocol contained in the study design; and WHEREAS, the researchers will work closely with tribal health staff to have a clear understanding of culturally sensitive issues and to ensure that the dignity of all people contacted is maintained; and WHEREAS, the title of the study will be â€Å"Name of Study;† and WHEREAS, permission from the Executive Board of the Tribal Council is sought by Dr. Jane Doe to implement the study; and WHEREAS, there is to be no publication of the data collected in the study without the express permission of the Tribe. NOW THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, by the Executive Board of the Tribal Council, acting under authority delegated by Section IV-A of the Rules or Procedures, approved by the Tribal Council Resolution AAAB-0001, dated January 31, 1969, and meeting at the Governmental Headquarters of the Tribe, Anycity, Northwest State, that approval to initiate the study in question be signed. BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the Tribe does not waive, alter, or otherwise diminish their Sovereign Immunity whether expressed or implied by virtue of this contract, for any and all administrative or legal action, which may arise directly or indirectly from the same. Nor does the Tribe waive, alter, or otherwise diminish their rights, privileges, remedies, or services guaranteed by the Treaty of 1855. DONE AND DATED on this 15th day of December, 2001, by the undersigned members of the Executive Board of the Tribal Council.

Achieving Dreams :: essays research papers

â€Å"If you can imagine it, you can achieve it. If you can dream it, you can become it†. As the saying goes by William A. Ward. I am sure that you have understood the topic, the topic is, DREAMS. Dreams are nothing but the thoughts and ideas of ones mind. They predict the character of the person. If ones thoughts are good they he/she will see good dreams and if someone’s thoughts are bad they he/she will se bad dreams. From the above line it is clear that dreams are good or bad, intentions of people. All of us dream, several times at night. It is believed by some that we sleep in order that we may dream. Dreams can come true if somebody makes them true, as the saying goes, â€Å"A dream is just a dream, unless you make it come true†. Dreams provide us the actual picture of our thoughts. Dreams may tell us about any physical event which took place with us or which is going to happen with us. The dream is trying to inform the dreamer about his condition in any walk of life. Basically, we can dream about anything logical or illogical, fictious or non-fictious and reasonable or unreasonable. Dreams can often give some people good ideas, which they could not imagine. It is said that Robert Louis Stevenson got his idea for Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde from a dream. But some people think that they are not able to apply these ideas in their life so there is a well-known saying about them which says that: â€Å"IF YOU CAN DREAM IT, YOU CAN DO IT†. Mean to say that whatever one watches in dream he/she should try to implement it in his/her personal life and if that idea is good one that one should also pass it to others and also ask them to implement it on their lives as well. In somebody’s darkest or boring hour, dream can give somebody hope, courage and determination to some creative work which somebody has not done before. All successful people are big dreamers. They imagine what their future could be ideal or bad. Generally, everybody in this world dreams, but everybody has not aggressiveness to work out on the ideas that they got in their dream. Achieving Dreams :: essays research papers â€Å"If you can imagine it, you can achieve it. If you can dream it, you can become it†. As the saying goes by William A. Ward. I am sure that you have understood the topic, the topic is, DREAMS. Dreams are nothing but the thoughts and ideas of ones mind. They predict the character of the person. If ones thoughts are good they he/she will see good dreams and if someone’s thoughts are bad they he/she will se bad dreams. From the above line it is clear that dreams are good or bad, intentions of people. All of us dream, several times at night. It is believed by some that we sleep in order that we may dream. Dreams can come true if somebody makes them true, as the saying goes, â€Å"A dream is just a dream, unless you make it come true†. Dreams provide us the actual picture of our thoughts. Dreams may tell us about any physical event which took place with us or which is going to happen with us. The dream is trying to inform the dreamer about his condition in any walk of life. Basically, we can dream about anything logical or illogical, fictious or non-fictious and reasonable or unreasonable. Dreams can often give some people good ideas, which they could not imagine. It is said that Robert Louis Stevenson got his idea for Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde from a dream. But some people think that they are not able to apply these ideas in their life so there is a well-known saying about them which says that: â€Å"IF YOU CAN DREAM IT, YOU CAN DO IT†. Mean to say that whatever one watches in dream he/she should try to implement it in his/her personal life and if that idea is good one that one should also pass it to others and also ask them to implement it on their lives as well. In somebody’s darkest or boring hour, dream can give somebody hope, courage and determination to some creative work which somebody has not done before. All successful people are big dreamers. They imagine what their future could be ideal or bad. Generally, everybody in this world dreams, but everybody has not aggressiveness to work out on the ideas that they got in their dream.

Ethics and Compliance Essay

As per 2007 Annual Report, Walt Disney had the following initiatives in the following areas: under Studio Entertainment, franchises and original pioneering digital productions such as Pirates of the Caribbean, Cars and High School Musical including the Blu-ray ® technology, the new high definition home entertainment viewing. Animated movies pervaded the period with box office hits like Ratatouille and Wall-E. Under Parks and Resorts, the year 2007 was a dream year at Disney Parks and Resorts with The Year of a Million Dreams opening the park to overnight stay. Other initiatives include the Walt Disney Imagineering technology used for Finding Nemo, with interactive attraction on a high-energy 4-D in Toy Story and the Tower of Terror, the small world dolls which were a source of high-quality entertainment. In Disneyland Resort Paris, guests experience exhilarating rides through dazzling coral reefs, dark deep-sea waters and sunken submarines aboard Crush’s Coaster. Along Consumer Products initiatives include a High School Musical flat-panel television, a popular Nintendo DSâ„ ¢ video game with new Disney characters, wedding dresses inspired by Disney Princesses and a best-selling Disney Fairies sequel novel were just a few of many new products that took the Disney brand to new heights in 2007. In 2007, DCP’s collaborated with bridal designer Kirstie Kelly for the Disney Princess line. Disney Fairies has mushroomed into a powerful global franchise with DisneyFairies. com having more than a million hits. Also, DCP’s infant and preschool sector flourished, toys designed to be interactive with parents and child. The New Baby Einstein feeding products were a hit with parents who welcomed the shape-and color-coded line into meal time. The Walt Disney Internet Group initiated the online and mobile interactive entertainment content in international markets and across platforms by connecting to mobile devices via a new wireless Web site. Under Corporate Social Responsibility, support was provided to Children’s Hospital in California and Florida with a total $15 million for a 200-bed facility and new wing. Also, a pioneering campaign for a balanced nutrition on foods and healthier meals in the park and resorts enhanced with no-smoking issues. Other initiatives were the VoluntEARS program for global outreach for local communities which provided $177 million assistance and another assistance for the victims of Hurricane Katrina; the Make-AWishTM Foundation granting thousands of wishes over the year; also donations to the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, the Boys & Girls Club of America, the Starlight Starbright Children’s Foundation and UNICEF, for the thousands of kids around the world; the Environmentalityâ„ ¢ program, which handles company efforts in energy conservation, waste management, alternative power and fuels and wildlife protection. Other initiatives were the zero-emission, cleaner-burning biodiesel fuel for the steam engine trains at Disneyland and certain vehicles used by Disney Cruise Line. Further, conservation programs at various Disney facilities continued to cut energy usage and waste; the Woodland Trust and the Hundred Acre and the Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund encourages children and families to plant trees, protecting wildlife and ecosystems; promoting responsible labor standards, outlines minimum working conditions and standards in Disney-oriented factories; also remediation plans in educational and monitoring programs. The initiatives taken by the company are parts of the organizational strategy designed by and for Walt Disney Company. This is in response to the tight competitive entertainment world in which Walt Disney is a major player. Reference list Walt Disney Company, Annual Report, 2007. Retrieved May 19, 2009; website: http://corporate. disney. go. com/investors/annual_reports/2007/index. html

Counselling and Psychotherapy Essay

Carl Ransom Rogers (1902 – 1987) was amongst the most influential figures of humanistic psychology, a school of psychotherapy that rejected medical and psychoanalytic models of treatment, and instead put forth a theory of personality and behaviour that presumed the source of psychological health ultimately resides in the individual person rather than in a programme based on the expert knowledge and authority of a psychiatric professional. Rogers’ specific form of humanistic psychology is broadly based on his view of human personality, which he believed naturally tended to develop in what he considered a healthy manner unless it is adversely influenced by life-experiences. From this theoretical basis, Rogers created a form of therapy that he called ‘client-centred’, (or person-centred) as opposed to forms of treatment that are directed by the expertise of the therapist. In the field of Counselling and Psychotherapy there are many differing theories which are used to help those who seek counselling, including client-centred therapy. In many parts of the world client-centred therapy is seen as a family of therapies, including Experiential Psychotherapy and Focusing. Closely associated with client-centred therapy are existential therapy and various integrative approaches. Since Carl Rogers’ death, there has been much debate regarding what can and cannot rightly claim to be called ‘client-centred therapy.’ Proponents of the differing ‘Tribes’ argue for their schools of thought. (Warner 2006). At the heart of all the differing thoughts and modes of delivery are the six conditions for therapeutic change which Rogers described as being needed before a client could move towards the changes that they wanted to make in their lives. Carl Rogers, along with Abraham Maslow, was the founder of the humanist approach to clinical psychology. Maslow was known as the ‘Third Force in Psychology’ but is mainly known for his thoughts on self- actualization. Prior to Maslow it was thought that human behaviour was just a set of behaviours to satiate the drive for deficits. For example the ‘lack of nutrients – feel hungry – seek food – and eat’ model. Maslow proposed a wide range of human needs in a dynamic and changing system, where needs at higher levels would only be addressed when needs at lower levels had been satisfied (see Fig 1): Rogers’ person-centred theory emphasised the concept of ‘self-actualization’ which implies that there is an internal, biological force to develop one’s capacities and talents to the fullest. The human organism’s central motivation is to learn and to grow. Growth occurs when individuals confront problems, strive to master them and, through experience, endeavour to develop new aspects of their skills, capacities, and views about life, and move forward towards the goal of self-actualization. By way of example, Rogers (1980) often illustrated the concept with reference to organisms in the natural world. He wrote about a potato in the root cellar of his boyhood home: â€Å"The actualizing tendency can, of course, be thwarted or warped, but it cannot be destroyed without destroying the organism. I remember that in my boyhood home, the bin in which we stored our winter’s supply of potatoes was in the basement, several feet below a small window. The conditions were unfavourable, but the potatoes would begin to sprout pale white sprouts, so unlike the healthy green shoots they sent up when planted in the soil in the spring. But these sad, spindly sprouts would grow two or three feet in length as they reached toward the distant light of the window. The sprouts were, in their bizarre, futile growth, a sort of desperate expression of the directional tendency I have been describing. They would never become plants, never mature, never fulfill their real potential. But under the most adverse circumstances, they were striving to become. Life would not give up, even if it could not flourish.† So it can be seen that Rogers was saying that this effective and strong constructive tendency is the underlying basis of the client-centred approach. Rogers’ groundbreaking understanding was that for a person to be truly helped, the important healing factor is the relationship itself. His view of human behaviour is that it is â€Å"exquisitely rational† Rogers (1961). Furthermore, in his opinion: â€Å"The core of man’s nature is essentially positive† Rogers (1961), and he is a â€Å"trustworthy organism† Rogers (1977). Rogers focused on ways in which the therapist could promote certain core conditions between him/herself and the client. Central to his theory was that the actualizing tendency was a natural process, yet in order for each human organism to do so it required the nurturing of a caregiver. Rogers understood that inherently people need people, and that we are fundamentally dependent on others for our being. Many critics of the theory have misunderstood Roger’s concepts and commented that this is outmoded today, and, according to Bohart (2007) the critics were saying that it â€Å"glorifies the individual at the expense of others†. Wilkins (2003) argued that Rogers’ concept of self-actualization is culturally biased, reflecting a Western cultural emphasis on the separate, autonomous individualistic self. However, Bohart states that Rogers’ concept of self as culture-specific is compatible with cultures which view the self in relational rather than individualistic terms, even cultures that have no concept of self. Self-actualization means enhancing or actualizing the self as the self is defined for that person and culture. Rogers did believe that the tendency of actualization of a person in therapy was to always go in a positive pro-social direction, but critics state that it may lead to self-centred, narcissistic behaviour (Bozarth and Brodley, 1991). Rogers recognised that environmental and social factors could inhibit or distort the process of actualization so that a negative rather than positive outcome may occur, but also that the fully functioning person is ‘soundly and realistically social’ (Rogers 1961). Rogers postulated that therapeutic movement will only occur if, and only if, the six conditions for therapeutic change were in place between the therapist and the client. 1. The first condition of client-centred therapy is that therapist and client should be in psychological contact. The first condition specifies that a minimum relationship must exist. Rogers (1957) stated: â€Å"I am hypothesizing that significant positive personality change does not occur except in a relationship†. (Sanders 2006) â€Å"The relationship is not seen as a third object in the room with the counsellor and the client, but is the client and the counsellor. They bring themselves into the room, and in doing so a unique and ever-changing relationship is the result.† Research into contact between animals and people who live in social groups has shown that in order to grow and become confident then it must be in a psychologically interactive way. Those who were deprived of such conditions, like the children in the orphanages of Romania and the monkeys in Harlow’s experiments, grew up with permanent behavioural and emotional problems. (Harlow 1959, Carlson 1999, Bowlby, 1953, Warner 2002). Rogers thought that psychological contact was an all-or-nothing, one-off event, but others like Rose Cameron (2003) and Whelton and Greenberg (2002) see psychological contact as a variable and dynamic quality in relationships, and Margaret Warner (2002:79) says that the â€Å"contact can be viewed as a continuum†. In my opinion, despite the differing views of the various ‘Tribes’, the one over-riding view is that psychological contact is essential if the therapeutic process is going to work. It can simply be the mere recognition of the other person in the room, or a deeply-shared experience between the therapist and the client. 2. Client incongruence, a state of being vulnerable and anxious, is presented as the second of the six conditions which Rogers defined as a ‘discrepancy between the actual experience of the organism and the self-picture of the individual’s experience insofar as it represents that experience’ (Rogers 1957), and which he saw as being necessary for therapy to be successful. Pearson (1974) thought that this condition had created some confusion, since the relationship between incongruence and felt anxiety or vulnerability is complex. All people are incongruent to some degree all of the time (since human beings can never fully symbolize their experience), and some sorts of incongruence may actually lower anxiety. Rogers’ concept of incongruence was simply saying that clients sense that they have underlying issues that have distorted their sense of equilibrium and therefore are motivated to seek counselling. I believe that this second condition affects how clients will respond to counselling because the change that needs to happen has to come from within the client and cannot happen against their will. For example, if someone is referred by a doctor, or school, or made to attend counselling with a spouse or parent, then the client will be in a state of incongruence and the first condition will not take place, without which there is no therapeutic relationship. 3. The third core condition is that the second person, the therapist, is congruent in the relationship. By congruent Rogers understood it to be real, genuine and transparent. As early as 1946 he wrote about the fact that the therapist should have a â€Å"genuine interest in the client†. Rogers makes it very clear in a video on the internet where he is talking about what it means to be congruent when he says: â€Å"Can I be real in the relationship; this has come to have an increasing amount of importance to me over the years. I feel that genuineness is another way of describing the quality I would like to have. I like the term congruence, by which I mean that what I am experiencing inside is present in my awareness and comes out though my communication. In a sense when I have this quality I am all in one piece in the relationship. There is another word that describes it for me; I feel that in the relationship I would like to have transparency. I would be quite willing for my client to see all the way through me and that there would be nothing hidden, and when I’m real in this fashion that I’m trying to describe, I know that my own feelings will often bubble up into awareness and will be expressed, but be expressed in ways that won’t impose themselves on my client.† (You Tube 2010). Despite Rogers’ insistence that being congruent with clients is of paramount importance, a number of studies over the years have shown that no significant relationship exists between levels of congruence and outcomes in the therapeutic relationship (Klein et al 2002, Orlinsky et al 2004, Burckell and Goldried 2006, Feifel and Eells, 1963). In contrast Cooper (2008) has suggested that this may be because it is a ‘high frequency’ event in therapy and therefore the correlation between genuineness and outcome are not truly recognised†. Without an empathetic response from the therapist I believe that the client would not feel valued or understood and the therapeutic relationship would break down. 4. In the development of self-concept Rogers also stated that the fourth condition – unconditional positive regard – the complete acceptance and support for a person no matter what they say or do – is necessary for self-actualization. By showing unconditional positive regard, or prizing, clients are said to feel valued and so accepted and take responsibility for themselves (Rogers 1957:98). Conversely, I believe self-actualization is thwarted by conditional positive regard when acceptance is dependent on the positive or negative evaluation of a person’s actions. Those raised in an environment of conditional positive regard, Rogers felt, only feel worthy if they match conditions laid down by others – conditions of worth – which, in turn, can lead to shaping themselves determined not by their organismic valuing or actualizing tendency, but by a society that may or may not truly have their best interests at heart. 5. The fifth core concept states that the counsellor should experience an empathic understanding of the client’s internal frame of reference. Each of us perceives and responds to our environments as a unified and organised whole, and each forms their unique frame of reference. Our understanding of the world is shaped through our experiences, and each time these are interpreted on the basis of our personal value system. In order for a therapist to understand a client’s behaviour it should be from the internal frame of reference of the client. Empathy is not just listening but trying to feel the experiences and feelings that the other person has at that moment in time. It involves stepping into their shoes and laying aside one’s own perceptions, values, perspectives and meanings as far as possible. If the therapist attempts to understand the client on the basis of his/her own personal experiences, this would be an external frame of reference. When the therapist remains within the client’s frame of reference, which is his/her own understanding of the world, it enhances empathy and promotes unconditional positive regard. Holding an external frame of reference might convey to the client that the therapist has their own agenda or is criticising the client. The question is, would the therapeutic process take place if the counsellor did not enter the client’s world so personally? From the large number of studies that have been carried out in an attempt to measure client’s reaction to the therapist’s empathy, the evidence shows it to be a ‘demonstrably effective element of the therapeutic relationship’ (Steering Committee, 2002). 6. The sixth and final condition – client perception – is as important as all the others, and is complementary to the idea that the first condition – psychological contact – is continued. Rogers (1959:213) wrote: ‘that the client perceives, at least to a minimal degree, conditions 4 and 5 – the unconditional positive regard of the therapist for the client – and the empathetic understanding of the therapist’. To some degree client perception has been ignored over the years. Tudor in 2000 referred to it as â€Å"the lost condition†. Sanders (2004) states that â€Å"Carl Rogers made it clear that the client was the centre of the therapeutic process, and furthermore it was the client who had the final say as to whether the ‘therapist-provided conditions’ were actually provided (as opposed to being assumed by the therapist)†. Dagmar Pescitelli (1996) argues that the theory of client-centred therapy may not be effective for severe psychopathologies such as schizophrenia (deemed to have a strong biological component) or other disorders such as phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or even severe depression (currently effectively treated with drugs and cognitive behavioural therapy, or CBT). Pescitelli (1996) cites one meta-analysis of psychotherapy effectiveness that looked at 400 studies, and person-centred therapy was found least effective. In fact, it was no more effective than the placebo condition (Glass 1983; cited in Krebs & Blackman, 1988). In contrast, meta-analyses of client-centred therapy as a whole support the theory that it is an efficacious and effective form of therapy, no matter what ‘Tribe’. It is similar to other orientations such as CBT and psychodynamic therapy, with evidence indicating that all schools may be efficacious for clients with depressive, traumatic, schizophrenic and health related problems, but there is less evidence on the impact of anxiety disorders (Elliott, Greenberg et al., 2004).

As I Lay Dying essays

As I Lay Dying essays Looking for Love in All the Wrong Places My aloneness had been violated...by time, by love, by Anse(172). With these words, Addie Bundren describes a common theme in the South. Many women become trapped in an unsatisfactory life, and then drained, both physically and emotionally, by the people in their environment. In As I Lay Dying (1930), William Faulkner creates Addie and this theme of the novel through imagery, figurative language, and details, both before and after she dies. From the day she decides to take Anse (170) as her husband, Addie begins her lifelong journey of losing herself. That day, Addie realizes that my aloneness had to be violated over and over each day, (172) until the day that she dies. After she marries and gives birth to Cash, Addie knew that living was terrible(171). She does not enjoy being a wife and mother because her family cannot meet her needs. She did not experience love as a child, and longs to be loved and appreciated, but her husband and children cannot give such emotion. Once she realizes this, she feels as if he had tricked me, hidden within a word like within a paper screen and struck me in the back through it (172). While Addie lies on her deathbed, Anse resents her because he must pay for the doctors visit. He says, Making me pay for it, when she was well and hale as ere a woman ever were. One might think that Addies husband would realize the gravity of the situation, but once again her entire family reveals t heir true nature of selfishness. When Addie finally escapes her terrible life, she has been married for thirty years and raised five children. She lived, a lonely woman, lonely with her pride...and she was not cold in the coffin before they were carting her forty miles away to bury her, flouting the will of God to do it(23). The dysfunction of the Bundren family does not cease...

This is about the history of CLara Barton.

This is about the history of CLara Barton. The youngest of five children in a middle-class family, Clara Barton was born on Christmas Day 1821 in Oxford, Massachusetts. Although she was educated at home, Clara began teaching school herself at the age of fifteen in various elementary schools in Massachusetts and New Jersey between the years 1836 and 1854. Prior to the Civil War, Clara's most noteworthy achievement was the establishment of a free public school in Bordentown, New Jersey. Additionally, her only medical experience prior to the war was when she cared for her invalid brother David for two years.At the outbreak of the Civil War, Clara lived in Washington, D.C., where she worked at the U.S. Patent Office. Following the Baltimore Riots, upon the 6th Massachusetts Regiment arriving in Washington, it was Clara who organized a relief program for the soldiers, starting her lifelong career as a nurse and humanitarian.After the First Battle of Bull Run at the start of the Civil War, Clara soon learned that many of the wounde d soldiers had suffered from a lack of medical supplies.Clara BartonDevoting herself to correcting this problem, she advertised for donations to buy supplies in Worcester, Massachusetts and began her own operation to distribute these supplies. Her operation a success, she was soon given a general pass by the U.S. Surgeon General, William Hammond, to travel with army ambulances.For the next three years Barton traveled along with the army operations throughout Virginia and South Carolina, especially in the area of Charleston. Following the Battle of the Wilderness, she cared for the wounded at Fredericksburg, Virginia, so well that she attracted national attention. From this point she then served as superintendent of nurses in Major General Benjamin Butler's command. In addition to nursing, Clara also formed a program at Camp Parole, Maryland, whereby she attempted...